Neurons are generally assumed to be the determinant of brain performance. However, at least half the volume of the human brain is constituted by nonneural cells called glia (i.e. oligodendrocytes, microglia and astrocytes).

These glial cells were long viewed to support neuronal functions in development, metabolism and insulation, but in the last decade research has shown that two-way communication between neurons and glia is essential
for axonal conduction, synaptic transmission, and information processing and thus is required for normal functioning of the nervous system during development and throughout adult life. For example, glia can regulate synapse formation, can control synaptic strength, and may participate in information processing by coordinating activity among sets of neurons. Conversely, neural impulse activity regulates a wide range of glial activities, including their proliferation, differentiation, and myelination.
Defects in myelination cause a wide range of white matter disorders. In children such disorders are often inherited and they lead to progressive handicaps and early death.

The overall aim of the research in the Theme Neuron-Glia interactions is to fully understand the roles of glial cells, and as such contribute towards a more completely understanding of the nervous system as a whole. In this aim, we focus on the development and function of myelin, as well as on the formation and functioning of synapses. For this purpose, experiments are being performed both in vitro (e.g. neuron-glial cell cocultures) and in vivo (e.g. mouse transgenics). Experiments also involve analysis of patient material to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of white matter disorders.